Car Modification Rules in India: A Comprehensive Guide to Avoid Fines

Author: Abhinand Venugopal•Published on: 1/7/2026•8 Minutes
Overview:Car modification is a popular trend among automobile enthusiasts in India. Many owners wish to customise their cars to express their personality or enhance performance. However, the legal aspects of such modifications often remain unclear to most. The Motor Vehicles Act of 1988, along with recent rulings by the Supreme Court and guidelines issued by the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH), clearly defines which modifications are allowed and which are not. Read on to understand the legal car modification rules in India, what’s permitted, what’s prohibited, and how to stay on the right side of the law.
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Key Highlights:


  • The penalties for car modifications vary greatly across Indian states and the authorities involved.
  • Contrary to popular belief, changing a vehicle’s colour is legal as long as the registered owner follows the standard procedure.
  • If a vehicle is involved in an accident solely due to an illegal modification, the owner may even face criminal charges.



Legal Framework for Vehicle Modification


The Motor Vehicles Act, 1988

This law forms the basis for all regulations related to vehicles in India. As per Section 52 of the Act, a vehicle owner is not permitted to modify the car in a manner that affects its original structure or the specifications set by the manufacturer. This restriction applies to components such as the engine, chassis, dimensions and the type of fuel used.


Supreme Court Ruling (2019)

In 2019, the Supreme Court delivered an important judgement that strengthened the restrictions on vehicle modifications. It declared that any structural alteration that differs from the original specifications provided by the manufacturer is considered unlawful. The ruling was intended to improve road safety and prevent risky modifications.


MoRTH Guidelines

The Ministry of Road Transport and Highways frequently releases notifications outlining permitted vehicle modifications. These guidelines are followed by all regional transport offices and serve as the basis for inspecting and approving vehicles nationwide.


What Modifications are Illegal?


Understanding what kind of modification is not allowed can help owners avoid penalties. Here are some commonly prohibited modifications:


Structural Alterations

Altering the chassis, body frame or overall dimensions of a vehicle is illegal. Common practices that invite penalties include stretching the body to make a limousine, turning a hatchback into a convertible or changing the cargo area to install passenger seats.


Engine Swaps

Fitting a different type of engine or modifying the existing one in a way that alters its original performance or fuel type is not allowed. For instance, swapping a petrol engine with a diesel one or extensively tuning the engine for racing use is illegal unless it has been approved by the Regional Transport Office.


Suspension and Height Modifications

Changing the suspension height to either raise the ground clearance or lower it for better road grip is not permitted if it alters the ride height beyond the limits set by the manufacturer. These modifications may affect the stability and safety of the vehicle.


Loud Exhausts and Horns

Exhaust systems fitted in the aftermarket that raise noise levels beyond the limits set by the Central Pollution Control Board are considered illegal. Likewise, the use of multi-tone horns or air horns is prohibited as they majorly contribute to noise pollution.


Body Wraps and Repainting

Changing the original colour of a vehicle without notifying the Regional Transport Office invites trouble. Even if a full-body vinyl wrap is applied, it must be reported to the RTO and reflected in the registration certificate.


Illegal Lighting Systems

Using high-intensity discharge lamps, strobe lights or underglow neon lighting that can distract other drivers is not permitted by law. Fog lamps must be used only when visibility is poor and should not serve as regular driving lights.


What Modifications are Legal?


Though several modifications are banned, certain add-ons are permitted, provided they follow regulatory procedures and safety standards. Let us discuss some of them:


Cosmetic Enhancements

Minor visual modifications such as seat covers, dashboard trims, steering wheel wraps and alloy wheels are usually allowed. These changes do not affect the structure or performance of the vehicle in any manner.


Tyres and Rims

Owners are allowed to replace stock tyres with wider or low-profile ones, provided they do not stick out beyond the wheel arches. Similarly, rim upgrades are permitted as long as they stay within the size limits mentioned in the vehicle's user manual.


Music Systems

High-watt music systems may be installed, provided it does not cause distraction to the driver or produce sound beyond the permitted levels. It should be installed professionally and must not block any controls, affect the vehicle’s essential electronics or restrict the driver's view.


Roof Rails and Carriers

Roof rails or carriers can be added to a vehicle as long as they are securely installed and do not exceed the height limits set by the manufacturer. They are mainly used for utility purposes and must not cause a major shift in the vehicle’s centre of gravity. It is worth mentioning that authorities are generally lenient towards cabs carrying excess cargo on top during airport trips.


Approved CNG or LPG Kits

Installing a CNG/LPG kit in a petrol car is legal, provided the modification is carried out by an authorised dealer and approved by the Regional Transport Office. It is also necessary to update the vehicle's registration certificate with the new fuel type. Regular safety checks are also mandated.


Hand Controls for those with Mobility Challenges

Modifications that help individuals with mobility challenges, such as hand-operated accelerators or brakes, are permitted by law. These changes must be done by authorised workshops and need approval from the transport authority.


How to Get Car Modifications Approved in India


If a car owner wishes to carry out a legal modification, there are certain steps to follow. Skipping this process can lead to rejection of the vehicle’s insurance claim or invite a penalty during routine traffic checks. However, the procedure could vary across states. Here’s a general overview:


  1. Submit a written application to the local RTO explaining the proposed changes.
  2. Attach diagrams or specifications from the modifier or service provider.
  3. Await RTO inspection and approval.
  4. After approval, get the modifications done by a certified workshop.
  5. Present the vehicle for inspection again.
  6. Get the modification recorded in the registration certificate.

Penalties for Illegal Modifications


Driving a modified vehicle that does not conform to the RTO-approved specifications can attract strict penalties. This can include, but may not be limited to, the following:


  • Fines up to ₹5,000 for first-time offenders under the amended Motor Vehicles Act.

  • Vehicle seizure for serious violations, such as engine swaps or structural changes.

  • Cancellation of vehicle registration.

  • Rejection of insurance claims in the event of accidents involving illegal parts.

In case the vehicle is involved in an accident solely due to an illegal modification, the owner may also face criminal charges depending on the outcome. Unfortunately, such cases could be wrongfully charged depending on the officers’ knowledge of vehicles.


State-wise Variation in Penalties


Maharashtra
Mumbai has witnessed strict enforcement against vehicles fitted with loud exhaust systems and altered headlights. The police often carry out unannounced inspections.


Delhi-NCR
Due to high pollution levels, Delhi has implemented a ban on diesel vehicles that are more than 10 years old and petrol vehicles older than 15 years. Authorities also keep a strict watch on modifications such as altered exhaust systems, tinted windows and custom body panels.


Kerala
Kerala is perhaps the Indian state with the highest number of modified vehicles. However, since 2020, authorities have significantly tightened restrictions. Several vehicle owners have faced hefty fines, oftentimes unreasonably.


Tamil Nadu
The Chennai traffic police frequently conduct checks for noise violations and unauthorised structural changes. Vehicle owners have been fined even for minor modifications like customised bumpers or lighting upgrades.


Punjab
Punjab is known for its flamboyant car modification culture, particularly in rural regions. However, the state police have started taking strict action against heavily modified tractors and SUVs.


Karnataka
In Bengaluru, traffic authorities have turned their attention to premium cars fitted with loud exhausts and evident high-performance upgrades. Sometimes, even factory-fresh vehicles (especially multi-cylinder motorcycles) fall victim.


Planning to Modify Your Car?


Car modification in India is governed by strict regulations, as discussed. Although some customisations are permitted under the law, significant changes to a vehicle’s structure or performance are generally not allowed. These restrictions are in place to uphold road safety, control emissions and preserve the original integrity of the vehicle. Anyone planning to modify their car must consult their local RTO and obtain the necessary approvals.


For car enthusiasts who enjoy adding a personal touch, the best approach is to stay within legal limits and ensure that both style and compliance go hand in hand. Nevertheless, it is a shame that a considerable number of individuals face fines on baseless grounds. 


FAQs


1. Which authority regulates car modifications in India?
The Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH) and local Regional Transport Offices (RTOs) handle this.


2. Can I change the colour of my car?
Yes, but you must inform the RTO and update your registration certificate (RC).


3. Is body wrapping allowed in India?
It is a grey area. Wrapping is usually accepted if the colour remains similar, but it must be reported to the RTO if the appearance changes significantly.


4. Is changing the horn allowed?
Yes, but only if the new horn complies with noise level limits. Pressure or musical horns are banned.


5. Can I install bull bars or crash guards?
No, bull bars are banned in India as they are unsafe for pedestrians and affect airbag deployment.