Simple Car Maintenance Tips You Can Do at Home

Key Highlights

• Oil and coolant checks should always be done when the engine is cool, and the car is parked on level ground.
• Simple car maintenance at home can reduce the chances of future problems, but cannot eliminate the need for routine mechanical service.
• EVs generally require way less maintenance compared to an ICE vehicle.

Home car maintenance is a great way for owners to be more familiar with their vehicles. An automobile is a sophisticated assembly of mechanical and electrical components that experience normal wear and tear over time. Paying attention to unusual sounds, smells, vibrations and changes in the way a particular aspect of the car functions ensures that no small issue turns into major repair bills in the future. This usually demands only a few minutes every week at one’s own convenience, unless an internal system (such as sensors) critically malfunctions. Let us explore some basic home car maintenance tips!

Engine Oil

The engine oil or lubricant serves multiple functions: it lubricates, cushions and cools the moving components while being exposed to harsh temperatures and pressures. Low oil levels or degraded lubricants increase friction between these components, leading to engine overheating, overstraining and eventual damage. 

The conventional method of measuring oil level is using the dipstick. Remove, wipe clean, reinsert entirely, release once again and finally, check the markings at the tip. If the reading is between the two lines, the oil level is optimal. If lower, a top-up of the manufacturer-grade oil is due. Take note of the colour and texture of the oil as well (replace if excessively dark or gritty).

The oil level should be checked only when the engine is cool, and the vehicle is parked on level ground. Certain modern cars do not have a dipstick but an indicator on the infotainment screen or instrument cluster.

Coolant Levels

The coolant fluid runs through the engine and radiator to ensure everything runs at optimal operating temperature (typically around 80°C). A low coolant level results in engine overheating and related damage. Never disregard an ‘engine overheating’ warning on the instrument console.

Coolant levels should be checked only when the engine is cool. The reservoir is easily identifiable under the bonnet and has maximum and minimum level markings. It’s always wise to stick to the manufacturer-recommended coolant grade. Never open the radiator cap when the engine is hot.

Brake Fluid

Brake fluid helps transfer the brake pedal input (force multiplication happens in between via related sensors and components) to the braking system within the wheel assembly. Low or contaminated fluid drastically reduces braking efficiency, thereby posing a safety risk. The brake fluid reservoir has clear markings for maximum and minimum levels. Not all braking issues are a cause of low fluid levels, and hence, anything beyond topping up the system should be brought to the attention of an expert. Even the slightest presence of air in the brake lines is a serious issue,

Tyre Pressure & Tread Condition

Tyres are arguably the most important part of an automobile since they come in direct contact with the ground under multiple load, speed, temperature and terrain conditions. Underinflated tyres shoot up rolling resistance, wearing the rims and plys prematurely. Overinflated tyres reduce grip, wear from the centre and may even burst at speeds (mainly due to excessive air expansion coupled with higher impact forces). Manufacturer-recommended tyre pressures may not be the right choice for all driving conditions, but an average of 35psi is a safe bet. A portable tyre inflator is a great accessory to have. Otherwise, consider checking the air pressure at least once every 2-3 fuel pump visits.

The risks of a worn tyre need not be explained. A basic tyre tread check (using a tread depth gauge, coin, close visual inspection, touch and feel, etc.) goes a long way. Periodic wheel rotation and balancing ensure the tyre performs optimally for longer. 

Battery Health

A car battery (in an ICE vehicle) usually lasts only 2-3 years, depending on the brand and rated capacity. Home battery maintenance mainly includes checking the terminals for signs of corrosion (white or bluish residue in particular). Use a soft brush or an appropriate cleaning solution while also ensuring the terminals are tight and secure. Battery energy drains with time unless the car is used regularly (the alternator charges it when the engine runs). If the vehicle is close to a decade old, the alternator may also show signs of wear. A trickle charger is recommended if the vehicle is left unused for extended periods. Otherwise, one may need jumpstart cables.

Wiper Blades & Washer Fluid

Wiper blades wear out over time (leading to noisy and inefficient operation), especially if continuously exposed to direct sunlight. They come in standard sizes, but quality and durability vary greatly with brands. If one has to leave the car unattended for over a week, it is wise to keep the wiper arms raised. Before folding them back, gently wipe the blades and the area of contact at the base of the windshield.

Fun Fact: Since wiper blades are exposed and do not require any tooling to remove, they should be the most stolen component of the car, but are not. That achievement goes to badges.

It is crucial to ensure the windshield washer fluid (predominantly water + a cap of fluid)  is topped up before a long trip. The washer nozzles may need to be cleaned and realigned over time.

Exterior Lighting

Often overlooked due to the simplicity of checking, functioning exterior lighting is a legal requirement in most countries. Switch on each light, in turns, and walk around the vehicle to check for any issues (cracks, fog or no lighting at all). Brake lights and pass lights can be assessed by relying on their reflection on windows or walls. Bulb replacement is relatively straightforward and may not even require any unscrewing. Consult an expert if needed.

Interior Cleaning

Clean interiors are more about health and hygiene than just presentability. Weekly cleaning requires very little effort compared to a comprehensive ordeal a few times annually. Handheld vacuum cleaners, wet wipes, small plastic garbage bags, interior cleaning/care kits and a general sense of cleanliness greatly help maintain the freshness of a vehicle. In addition, always choose model-specific rubber/TPV floor mats over cheaper carpet alternatives. A well-maintained, mechanically sorted car with clean interiors communicates a lot about the owner. 

Getting the Basics Right

Car maintenance at home does not demand advanced technical knowledge, high costs or sophisticated tooling. By incorporating the maintenance practices discussed above into one’s routine, a car can last trouble-free beyond its warranty period. However, basic home maintenance can never replace scheduled mechanical maintenance at an authorised service centre, unless the owner has the right know-how and equipment. EVs generally require less home maintenance effort in comparison, except in the case of their specific tyre choices (low rolling resistance; subject to greater torque).

FAQs

1. How often should the engine oil be checked at home?
Ideally, once every two weeks or before long journeys.

2. Can tyre pressure really affect fuel consumption?
Incorrect tyre pressure can drastically reduce fuel efficiency. Underinflated tyres increase rolling resistance, causing the engine to work harder and hence, consume more fuel.

3. Is cleaning the engine bay necessary?
Occasional cleaning of the engine bay prevents dust buildup, making it easier to spot cracks, oil or other fluid leaks. Always avoid spraying water directly on electrical components such as the battery terminals.

4. Can air filters be cleaned at home?
Air filters can be cleaned at home by gently tapping out dust or relying on compressed air. If the filter is too dirty or worn, it should be replaced. 

5. What basic checks should be done before a long drive?
It is advisable to check engine oil, coolant levels, brake fluid, tyre pressure, lights and wiper fluid before setting off.